Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network said banks flagged about $312 billion in transactions from suspected Chinese money laundering networks from January 2020 to December 2024. That came from 137,153 Bank Secrecy Act reports from financial institutions. Treasury also linked Chinese money laundering networks to U.S. real estate transactions, casinos, human trafficking and even laundering through assisted living homes in New York. The networks also use Chinese students studying in the U.S. to help facilitate some schemes. Real estate alone accounted for about 13% of the total, but the vast majority was U.S. banks.

“Money laundering networks linked to individual passport holders from the People’s Republic of China enable cartels to poison Americans with fentanyl, conduct human trafficking, and wreak havoc among communities across our great nation,” Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence John Hurley said.

The report comes after Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent suspended a Biden-era small business rule in March designed to curb money laundering that small businesses had challenged in court. President Donald Trump said the Corporate Transparency Act, which Congress passed in 2021, was “outrageous and invasive.” Bessent said it was costly for small businesses. The CTA would have required small businesses to report information about their beneficial owners to Treasury’s FinCEN. The rules remain in place for foreign businesses.

The FinCEN report noted that laws and regulations in Mexico and China also play a role.

“Mexico’s currency restrictions prevent large amounts of U.S. dollars from being deposited into Mexican financial institutions, hindering the cartels’ ability to launder funds through the formal Mexican financial system,” according to the report. The [People’s Republic of China] currency control laws limit the amount of money Chinese citizens can transfer abroad each year.”

The two groups have learned to work well together in recent years. FinCEN refers to Chinese money laundering networks as CMLNs.

“Ultimately, Chinese citizens’ demand for large quantities of U.S. dollars and the cartels’ need to launder their illicit U.S. dollar proceeds has resulted in a mutualistic relationship wherein the cartels sell off their illicitly obtained U.S. dollars to CMLNs who, in turn, sell the U.S. dollars to Chinese citizens seeking to evade China’s currency control laws,” the report said.

Scott Greytak, an anticorruption attorney and the deputy executive director for Transparency International U.S., said the U.S. is considered one of the best places in the world for money laundering because of its strong property rights and rule of law.

“Even though they don’t like the rule of law, they certainly like their money being protected by it,” he told The Center Square. “So we just tend to attract a ton of dirty money.”

Greytak said that U.S. law enforcement officials can’t track the money without stricter financial, business, and real estate reporting.

The FinCEN report highlighted China’s capital flight restrictions, which limit the amount of money Chinese citizens can transfer abroad annually to $50,000 for investment and financial purposes. That limit has sprouted its own underground banking network.

“Many Chinese citizens have turned to alternative methods, like the Chinese underground banking system (CUBS), to bypass these restrictions. The CUBS consists of various individuals and businesses from different industries who collaborate through ‘mirror transfers’ to move money across borders, as part of informal value transfer system schemes. The CUBS, in turn, depend on CMLNs to secure foreign currency.”